A lithography system patterns micro- and nanoscale structures on substrates, typically using light, electrons, or ions. Its outputs are patterned surfaces essential for microelectronics and nanofabrication. Applications include semiconductor device manufacturing, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and photonic devices. Users are nanotechnologists, electrical engineers, and semiconductor researchers. Commercially, lithography is a cornerstone of the electronics industry, enabling the mass production of integrated circuits, sensors, and advanced optical devices.