Cellulose is one of the most abundant substrates available in nature. The potential importance of cellulose hydrolysis in the contrxt of conversion of plant biomass to fuels, chemicals, foods and pharaceutical and other industries. Cellulose hydrolysis also represents one of the largest material flows in the golbal carbon cycle.
The present study amied to construct superior Trichoderma harzianum isolates for improvement ?-glucosidase production via induced mutants and protoplast fusion techniques. This sutdy was carried out at the Department of Genetics, Faculaty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University and Applied Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research centre, Egypt.

This study was carried out at the laboratories of Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, and the experimental farm and Biotechnology laboratory of the Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during the three growing seasons 2005, 2006 and 2007. Three cytoplasmic male sterile lines wild abortive (WA) IR 69625 A, IR 70368 A and IR58025A with their maintainers were chosen and used as parental lines to determine the genetic purity, stability and inheritance analysis for some morphological, yield and its component characters.

This study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt and laboratories of Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, during the two growing seasons 2004 and 2005. Three cytoplasmic male sterile lines wild abortive (WA) type; IR 58025 A, IR 69625 A and IR 70368 A were tested using ten testers; Giza 178 R, Giza 181 R, Giza 182 R, IR 69137-34-1-3-1, Hayat, Aricombo, Estrela, IR 3894-40D-PN-S-1, Arabi and Blue Belle, and produced 30 crosses to study the morphological, floral and yield and its component characters and the correlation between these characters and hybrid vigor.

The development of ­a robust Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol requires the identification and optimization of the factors affecting DNA delivery and plant regeneration. Three different explants from three plant genera (tomato, cucumber and tobacco) were used to study the effect of genotype, explant type and plant growth regulators treatments on callus induction and plant regeneration to determine protocol for genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 and evaluate the effect of infection time and the bacterial cells concentration on transformation frequency. Different types of cultured MS medium were used in this study (MS1 for tobacco, MS1 and MS2 for tomato and MS1 for cucumber). Genetic transformation of calli and regenerated plantlets was confirmed by histochemical ?. glucuronidase assay and biochemical analysis.
The results indicated that, MS1 and MS2 medium (MS1 = MS supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L IAA, MS2 = Ms supplanted with 2 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA) ranked the best media for shoot formation of tomato, MS1 medium (MS + 1 mg/L BAP + 10 mM proline) for cucumber gave the highest number of shoots and MS1 medium (MS + 2 mg/L BAP) for tobacco gave the highest number of shoots. For explant, the hypocotyls, cotyledonary leaves and leaf disks gave the highest number of shoots for tomato, cucumber and tobacco respectively. All shoots were rooted on MS medium free hormones. For the time of infection, 10 minutes gave the highest percentage of regenerated shoots (30%) when the explants infected with on OD = 0.7-0.8. The methods have been used to develop a more efficient transformation and regeneration protocol that can be introducing transgenic plants tolerant to the saline conditions.

The field experiment was carried out during the three wheat growing seasons i.e., 2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, to study the effect of gamma irradiation on earliness and yield characters of three wheat genotypes viz; Gemmiza 9, Line 1 and Line 2.Grains of the used genotypes received 0, 10, 20 and 30 Krad of gamma rays. The treated and untreated seeds were immediately sown to raise M1 populations. Thereafter, bulked seeds of each M1 treatment were planted to give M2 populations. Thirty two families from each genotype M2 generation population were selected based on days to heading and grain yield to sown in M3 generation. Observations were noted for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, spikes plant-1, kernels spike-1, 100-kernel weight and grain yield.

This investigation was carried out at farm and Biotech, Lab, of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kaferelsheikh, and Lab, of Microbial Genetic, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaferelsheikh University, Egypt, during four successive seasons from 2005 to 2008.
This study included three parts:
1. Field screening of 34 genotypes to allelopathic activity in rice comprising with Giza176 as check (poor allelopathic) by using
15gm / seeds of rice genotypes with 2g / m seed of weeds to determined weed control percentage in 2005 and 2006 season, after this experiment we selected four genotypes which crossed in half diallel fashion to obtain 6 F1 crosses in 2006 season and the 6 F2 generation in 2007 to grow together in R-C-B-D with three replication under two condition in 2008 season:
2. The genetics of agronomic and yield ; some of its component traits.

3. Isozyme variations included peroxidase, esterases and catalase isozymes to the leaves of 21 days old seedling were studied for four parents, their 6 F1 and their6 F2 by using a polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis, as well as, molecular analysis for four parents as trying to know allelopathic ability for this parentes.
*The data were analyzed according to Griffing (1956) , methods – 2 model – 1 .